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BB
Ballast Bonus
(Special payment above the Chartering price when the ship
has to sail a long way on ballast to reach the loading port.)
BB
Bareboat (Method of chartering of the ship leaving the charterer
with almost all the responsibilities of the owner.)
B/L
Abbreviation for "Bill of Lading."
Backhaul
To haul a shipment back over part of a route it has traveled.
BAF
Abbreviation for "Bunker Adjustment Factor." Used
to compensate steamship lines for fluctuating fuel costs.
Sometimes called "Fuel Adjustment Factor" or FAF.
Balloon Freight
Light, bulky articles.
Bank Guarantee
Guarantee issued by a bank to a carrier to be used in lieu
of lost or misplaced original negotiable bill of lading.
Barratry
An act committed by the master or mariners of a vessel, for
some unlawful or fraudulent purpose, contrary to their duty
to the owners, whereby the latter sustain injury. It may include
negligence, if so gross as to evidence fraud.
Barrel (BBL)
A term of measure referring to 42 gallons of liquid at 60o
F.
Base Rate
A tariff term referring to ocean rate less accessorial charges,
or simply the base tariff rate.
BCO
Abbreviation for "Beneficial Cargo Owner." Refers
to the importer of record, who physically takes possession
of cargo at destination and does not act as a third party
in the movement of such goods.
Beam
The width of a ship.
Belt Line
A switching railroad operating within a commercial area.
Beneficiary
- Entity to whom money is payable.
- The entity for whom a letter of credit is issued.
- The seller and the drawer of a draft.
Berth Terms
Shipped under rate that includes cost from end of ship's tackle
at load port to end of ship's tackle at discharge port.
Beyond
Used with reference to charges assessed for cargo movement
past a line-haul terminating point.
Bilateral
A contract term meaning both parties agree to provide something
for the other.
Bill of Exchange
In the United States, commonly known as a "Draft."
However, bill of exchange is the correct term.
Bill of Lading (B/L)
A document that establishes the terms of a contract between
a shipper and a transportation company. It serves as a document
of title, a contract of carriage and a receipt for goods.
- Amended B/L: B/L requiring updates that do not change financial
status; this is slightly different from corrected B/L.
- B/L Terms & Conditions: the fine print on B/L; defines
what the carrier can and cannot do, including the carrier's
liabilities and contractual agreements.
- B/L's Status: represents whether the bill of lading has
been input, rated, reconciled, printed, or released to the
customer.
- B/L's Type: refers to the type of B/L being issued. Some
examples are: a Memo (ME), Original (OBL), Nonnegotiable,
Corrected (CBL) or Amended (AM) B/L.
- Canceled B/L: B/L status; used to cancel a processed B/L;
usually per shipper's request; different from voided B/L.
- Clean B/L: A B/L which bears no superimposed clause or notation
which declares a defective condition of the goods and/or the
packaging.
- Combined B/L: B/L that covers cargo moving over various
transports.
- Consolidated B/L: B/L combined or consolidated from two
or more B/L's.
- Corrected B/L: B/L requiring any update which results in
money or other financially related changes.
- Domestic B/L: Non-negotiable B/L primarily containing routing
details; usually used by truckers and freight forwarders.
- Duplicate B/L: Another original Bill of Lading set if first
set is lost. also known as reissued B/L.
- Express B/L: Non-negotiable B/L where there are no hard
copies of originals printed.
- Freight B/L: A contract of carriage between a shipper and
forwarder (who is usually a NVOCC); a non-negotiable document.
- Government B/L (GBL): A bill of lading issued by the U.S.
government.
- Hitchment B/L: B/L covering parts of a shipment which are
loaded at more than one location. Hitchment B/L usually consists
of two parts, hitchment and hitchment memo. The hitchment
portion usually covers the majority of a divided shipment
and carries the entire revenue.
- House B/L: B/L issued by a freight forwarder or consolidator
covering a single shipment containing the names, addresses
and specific description of the goods shipped.
- Intermodal B/L: B/L covering cargo moving via multimodal
means. Also known as Combined Transport B/L, or Multimodal
B/L.
- Long Form B/L: B/L form with all Terms & Conditions
written on it. Most B/L's are short form which incorporate
the long form clauses by reference.
- Memo B/L: Unfreighted B/L with no charges listed.
- Military B/L: B/L issued by the U.S. military; also known
as GBL, or Form DD1252.
- B/L Numbers: U.S. Customs' standardized B/L numbering format
to facilitate electronic communications and to make each B/L
number unique.
- Negotiable B/L: The B/L is a title document to the goods,
issued "to the order of" a party, usually the shipper,
whose endorsement is required to effect is negotiation.
Thus, a shipper's order (negotiable) B/L can be bought, sold,
or traded while goods are in transit and is commonly used
for letter-of-credit transactions. The buyer must submit
the original B/L to the carrier in order to take possession
of the goods.
- Non-Negotiable B/L: See Straight B/L. Sometimes means a
file copy of a B/L.
- "Onboard" B/L: B/L validated at the time of loading
to transport. Onboard Air, Boxcar, Container, Rail, Truck
and Vessel are the most common types.
- Optional Discharge B/L: B/L covering cargo with more than
one discharge point option possibility.
- "Order" B/L: See Negotiable B/L.
- Original B/L: The part of the B/L set that has value, especially
when negotiable; rest of set are only informational file copies.
Abbreviated as OBL.
- Received for Shipment B/L: Validated at time cargo is received
by ocean carrier to commence movement but before being validated
as "Onboard".
- Reconciled B/L: B/L set which has completed a prescribed
number of edits between the shippers instructions and the
actual shipment received. This produces a very accurate B/L.
- Short Term B/L: Opposite of Long Form B/L, a B/L without
the Terms & Conditions written on it. Also known as a
Short Form B/L. The terms are incorporated by reference to
the long form B/L.
- Split B/L: One of two or more B/L's which have been split
from a single B/L.
- Stale B/L: A late B/L; in banking, a B/L which has passed
the time deadline of the L/C and is void.
- Straight (Consignment) B/L: Indicates the shipper will deliver
the goods to the consignee. It does not convey title
(non-negotiable). Most often used when the goods have
been pre-paid.
- "To Order" B/L: See Negotiable B/L.
- Unique B/L Identifier: U.S. Customs' standardization: four-alpha
code unique to each carrier placed in front of nine digit
B/L number; APL's unique B/L Identifier is "APLU".
Sea-land uses "SEAU". These prefixes are also used
as the container identification.
- Voided B/L: Related to Consolidated B/L; those B/L's absorbed
in the combining process. Different from Canceled B/L.
Bill of Lading Port of Discharge
Port where cargo is discharged from means of transport.
Bill of Sale
Confirms the transfer of ownership of certain goods to another
person in return for money paid or loaned.
Bill to Party
Customer designated as party paying for services.
Billed Weight
The weight shown in a waybill and freight bill, i.e, the invoiced
weight.
Blanket Bond
A bond covering a group of persons, articles or properties.
Blanket Rate
- A rate applicable to or from a group of points.
- A special rate applicable to several different articles
in a single shipment.
Blanket Waybill
A waybill covering two or more consignments of freight.
Blind Shipment
A B/L wherein the paying customer has contracted with the
carrier that shipper or consignee information is not given.
Block Stowage
Stowing cargo destined for a specific location close together
to avoid unnecessary cargo movement.
Blocked Trains
Railcars grouped in a train by destination so that segments
(blocks) can be uncoupled and routed to different destinations
as the train moves through various junctions. Eliminates the
need to break up a train and sort individual railcars at each
junction.
Blocking or Bracing
Wood or metal supports (Dunnage) to keep shipments in place
to prevent cargo shifting.
Bls.
Abbreviation for "Bales."
Board
To gain access to a vessel.
Board Feet
The basic unit of measurement for lumber. One board foot is
equal to a oneinch board, 12 inches wide and one foot long.
Thus, a board ten feet long, 12 inches wide, and one inch
thick contains ten board feet.
Bobtail
Movement of a tractor, without trailer, over the highway.
Bogie
A set of wheels built specifically as rear wheels under the
container.
Bolster
A device fitted on a chassis or railcar to hold and secure
the container.
Bond Port
Port of initial Customs entry of a vessel to any country.
Also known as First Port of Call.
Bonded Freight
Freight moving under a bond to U.S. Customs or to the Internal
Revenue Service, and to be delivered only under stated conditions.
Bonded Warehouse
A warehouse authorized by Customs authorities for storage
of goods on which payment of duties is deferred until the
goods are removed.
Booking
Arrangements with a carrier for the acceptance and carriage
of freight; i.e., a space reservation.
Booking Number
Reservation number used to secure equipment and act as a control
number prior to completion of a B/L.
Bottom Side Rails
Structural members on the longitudinal sides of the base of
the container.
Bottom-Air Delivery
A type of air circulation in a temperature control container.
Air is pulled by a fan from the top of the container, passed
through the evaporator coil for cooling, and then forced through
the space under the load and up through the cargo. This type
of airflow provides even temperatures.
Bow
The front of a vessel.
Boxcar
A closed rail freight car.
Break Bulk
- To unload and distribute a portion or all of the contents
of a rail car, container, or trailer.
- Loose, non-containerized cargo.
Broken Stowage
- The loss of space caused by irregularity in the shape of
packages.
- Any void or empty space in a vessel or container not occupied
by cargo.
Broker
A person who arranges for transportation of loads for a percentage
of the revenue from the load.
Brokerage
Freight forwarder/broker compensation as specified by ocean
tariff or contract.
Bulk Cargo
Not in packages or containers; shipped loose in the hold of
a ship without mark and count." Grain, coal and sulfur
are usually bulk freight.
Bulk-Freight Container
A container with a discharge hatch in the front wall; allows
bulk commodities to be carried.
Bulkhead
- A partition separating one part of a ship, freight car,
aircraft or truck from another part.
Bull Rings
Cargo-securing devices mounted in the floor of containers;
allow lashing and securing of cargo.
Bunker Charge
An extra charge sometimes added to steamship freight rates;
justified by higher fuel costs. (Also known as Fuel Adjustment
Factor or FAF.)
Bunkers
A Maritime term referring to Fuel used aboard the ship. Coal
stowage areas aboard a vessel in the past were in bins or
bunkers.
Bridge Point
An inland location where cargo is received by the ocean carrier
and then moved to a coastal port for loading.
Bridge Port
A port where cargo is received by the ocean carrier and stuffed
into containers but then moved to another coastal port to
be waded on a vessel.
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