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T.&E.
Abbreviation for "Transportation and Exportation."
Customs form used to control cargo movement from port of entry
to port of exit, meaning that the cargo is moving from one
country, through the United States, to another country.
Tail
Rear of a container or trailer-opposite the front or nose.
Tare Weight
In railcar or container shipments, the weight of the empty
railcar or empty container.
Tariff (Trf.)
A publication setting forth the charges, rates and rules of
transportation companies.
Telex
Used for sending messages to outside companies. Messages are
transmitted via Western Union, ITT and RCA. Being replaced
by fax and internet.
Temperature Recorder
A device to record temperature in a container while cargo
is en route.
Tender
The offer of goods for transportation or the offer to place
cars or containers for loading or unloading.
Tenor
Time and date for payment of a draft.
Terminal
An assigned area in which containers are prepared for loading
into a vessel, train, truck, or airplane or are stacked immediately
after discharge from the vessel, train, truck, or airplane.
Terminal Charge
A charge made for a service performed in a carrier's terminal
area.
Terms of Sale
The point at which sellers have fulfilled their obligations
so the goods in a legal sense could be said to have been delivered
to the buyer. They are shorthand expressions that set out
the rights and obligations of each party when it comes to
transporting the goods. Following, are the thirteen terms
of sale in international trade as Terms of Sale reflected
in the recent amendment to the International chamber of Commerce
Terms of Trade (INCOTERMS), effective July 1990: exw, fca,
fas, fob, cfr, cif, cpt, cip, daf, des, deq, ddu and ddp.
- EXW (Ex Works) (...Named Place): A Term of Sale which means
that the seller fulfills the obligation to deliver when he
or she has made the goods available at his/her premises (i.e.,
works, factory, warehouse, etc.) to the buyer. In particular,
the seller is not responsible for loading the goods in the
vehicle provided by the buyer or for clearing the goods for
export, unless otherwise agreed. The buyer bears all costs
and risks involved in taking the goods from the seller's premises
to the desired destination. This term thus represents the
minimum obligation for the seller.
- FCA (Free Carrier) (... Named Place): A Term of Sale which
means the seller fulfills their obligation when he or she
has handed over the goods, cleared for export, into the charge
of the carrier named by the buyer at the named place or point.
If no precise point is indicated by the buyer, the seller
may choose, within the place or range stipulated, where the
carrier should take the goods into their charge.
- FAS (Free Alongside Ship) (...Named Port of Shipment): A
Term of Sale which means the seller fulfills his obligation
to deliver when the goods have been placed alongside the vessel
on the quay or in lighters at the named port of shipment.This
means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss
of or damage to the goods from that moment.
- FOB (Free On Board) (...Named Port of Shipment): An International
Term of Sale that means the seller fulfills his or her obligation
to deliver when the goods have passed over the ship's rail
at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has
to bear all costs and risks to loss of or damage to the goods
from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear
the goods for export.
- CFR (Cost and Freight) (...Named Port of Destination): A
Term of Sale where the seller pays the costs and freight necessary
to bring the goods to the named port of destination, Terms
of Sale but the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as
(continued) well as any additional costs due to events occurring
after the time the goods have been delivered on board the
vessel, is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the
goods pass the ship's rail in the port of shipment. The CFR
term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
- CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) (...Named Place of Destination):
A Term of Sale where the seller has the same obligations as
under the CFR but also has to procure marine insurance against
the buyer's risk of loss or damage to the goods during the
carriage. The seller contracts for insurance and pays the
insurance premium. The CIF term requires the seller to clear
the goods for export.
- CPT (Carriage Paid To) (...Named Place of Destination):
A Term of Sale which means the seller pays the freight for
the carriage of the goods to the named destination. The risk
of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional
costs due to events occurring after the time the goods have
been delivered to the carrier, is transferred from the seller
to the buyer when the goods have been delivered into the custody
of the carrier. If subsequent carriers are used for the carriage
to the agreed upon destination, the risk passes when the goods
have been delivered to the first carrier. The CPT term requires
the seller to clear the goods for export.
- CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To) (...Named Place of
Destination): A Term of Sale which means the seller has the
same obligations as under CPT, but with the addition that
the seller has to procure cargo insurance against the buyer's
risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.
The seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance
premium. The buyer should note that under the CIP term the
seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum coverage.
The CIP term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
- DAF (Delivered At Frontier) (...Named Place): A Term of
Sale which means the sellers fulfill their obligation to deliver
when the goods have been made available, cleared for export,
at the named point and placed at the frontier, but before
the customs Terms of Sale border of the adjoining country.
(continued)
- DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid) (...Named Port of Destination):
A Term of Sale where the seller fulfills his obligation to
deliver when the goods have been made available at the named
place in the country of importation. The seller has to bear
the costs and risks involved in bringing the goods thereto
(excluding duties, taxes and other official charges payable
upon importation) as well as the costs and risks of carrying
out customs formalities. The buyer has to pay any additional
costs and to bear any risks caused by failure to clear the
goods for in time.
- DDP (Delivered Duty paid) (...Named Port of Destination):
"Delivered Duty Paid" means that the seller fulfills
his obligation to deliver when the goods have been made available
at the named place in the country of importation. The seller
has to bear the risks and costs, including duties, taxes and
other charges of delivering the goods thereto, clear for importation.
While the EXW term represents the minimum obligation for the
seller, DDP represents the maximum.
- DES (Delivered Ex Ship) (...Named Port of Destination):
A Term of Sale where the seller fulfills his/her obligation
to deliver when the goods have been made available to the
buyer on board the ship, uncleared for import at the named
port of destination. The seller has to bear all the costs
and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named port
destination.
- DEQ (Delivered Ex Quay, [Duty Paid]) (...Named Port of Destination):
A Term of Sale which means the DDU term has been fulfilled
when the goods have been available to the buyer on the quay
(wharf) at the named port of destination, cleared for importation.
The seller has to bear all risks and costs including duties,
taxes and other charges of delivering the goods thereto.
TBN
To Be Nominated. (When the name of a ship is still unknown.)
TEU
Abbreviation for "Twenty foot Equivalent Unit."
Tonnage
100 cubic feet.
Through Rate
The total rate from the point of origin to final destination.
Throughput Charge
The charge for moving a container through a container yard
off or onto a ship.
Time Charter
A contract for leasing between the ship owners and the lessee.
It would state, e.g., the duration of the lease in years or
voyages.
Time Draft
A draft that matures either a certain number of days after
acceptance or a certain number of days after the date of the
draft.
TIR
- "Transport International par la Route." Road transport
operating agreement among European governments and the United
States for the international movement of cargo by road. Display
of the TIR carnet allows sealed containerloads to cross national
frontiers without inspection.
TL
Abbreviation for "Trailer Load."
TOFC
Abbreviation for "Trailer on Flat Car." The movement
of a highway trailer on a railroad flatcar. Also known as
Piggyback.
Ton-Mile
- A unit used in comparing freight earnings or expenses. The
amount earned from the cost of hauling a ton of freight one
mile.
- The movement of a ton of freight one mile.
Tonnage
Generally refers to freight handled.
Top-Air Delivery
A type of air circulation in a container. In top air units,
air is drawn from the bottom of the container, filtered through
the evaporator for cooling and then forced through the ducted
passages along the top of the container. This type of airflow
requires a special loading pattern.
Towage
The charge made for towing a vessel.
Tractor
Unit of highway motive power used to pull one or more trailers/containers.
Trade Acceptance
A time or a date draft that has been accepted by the buyer
(the drawee) for payment at maturity.
Traffic
Persons and property carried by transport lines.
Trailer
The truck unit into which freight is loaded as in tractor
trailer combination. See Container.
Tramp Line
An ocean carrier company operating vessels not on regular
runs or schedules. They call at any port where cargo
may be available.
Transport
To move cargo from one place to another.
Transportation & Exit (T&E)
Allows foreign merchandise arriving at one port to be transported
in bond through the U.S. to be exported from another port,
without paying duty.
Transship
To transfer goods from one transportation line to another,
or from one ship to another.
Transshipment Port
Place where cargo is transferred to another carrier.
Trust Receipt
Release of merchandise by a bank to a buyer while the bank
retains title to the merchandise. The goods are usually obtained
for manufacturing or sales purposes. The buyer is obligated
to maintain the goods (or the proceeds from their sales) distinct
from the remainder of the assets and to hold them ready for
repossession by the bank.
Turnaround
In water transportation, the time it takes between the arrival
of a vessel and its departure.
Twist Locks
A set of four twistable bayonet type shear keys used as part
of a spreader to pick up a container or as part of a chassis
to secure the containers.
Two-Way Pallet
A pallet so designed that the forks of a fork lift truck can
be inserted from two sides only.
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